RESEARCH ON PASSIVE SERVO SEISMIC ROTATIONAL ACCELERATION SENSOR WITH LARGE DAMPING     

QU Ming-zhe  GAO Feng  YANG Xue-shan  YANG Dong-xia 《地震地质》2018,40(5):1170-1178

Many strong motion records show that under the strong seismic vibration of, the torsional disfigurement of building structures is a common and serious damage. At present, there are no special sensors for measuring seismic rotation in the world. Most of the experts obtain rotational components through observing deformation, theoretical analysis and calculation. The theory of elastic wave and source dynamics also prove the conclusion that the surface of the earth will rotate when an earthquake occurs. Based on a large number of investigations and experiments, a rotational acceleration sensor was developed for the observation of the rotational component of strong ground motions. This acceleration sensor is a double-pendulum passive servo large-damped seismic rotational acceleration sensor with the moving coil transducer. When an earthquake occurs, the seismic rotational acceleration acts on the bottom plate at the same time. The magnetic circuit system and the middle shaft fixedly connected to the bottom plate follow the bottom plate synchronous vibration, and the moving part composed of the mass ring, the swing frame and the moving ring produces relative corners to the central axis. The two working coils mounted on the two pendulums produce the same relative motion with respect to the magnetic gaps of the two magnetic circuits. Both working coils at this time generate an induced electromotive force by cutting magnetic lines of force in the respective magnetic gaps. The generated electromotive forces are respectively input to respective passive servo large damper dynamic ring transducer circuits and angular acceleration adjusting circuits, and the signals are simultaneously input to the synthesizing circuit after conditioning. Finally, the composite circuit outputs a voltage signal proportional to the seismic rotational acceleration to form a seismic rotational acceleration sensor. The paper presents the basic principles of the rotational acceleration sensor, including its mechanical structure diagram, circuit schematic diagram and mathematical models. The differential equation of motion and its circuit equation are derived to obtain the expressions of the main technical specifications, such as the damping ratio and sensitivity. The calculation shows that when the damping ratio is much larger than 1, the output voltage of the passive servo large damping dynamic coil transducer circuit is proportional to the ground rotation acceleration, and the frequency characteristic of bandpass is wider when the damping ratio is larger. Based on the calibration test, the dynamic range is greater than or equal to 100dB and the linearity error is less than 0.05%. The amplitude-frequency characteristics, the phase-frequency characteristics and their corresponding curves of the passive servo rotational acceleration sensor are acquired through the calculations. Based on the accurate measurement of the micro-vibration of the precision rotating vibration equipment, the desired result is obtained. The measured data are presented in the paper, which verify the correctness of the calculation result. The passive servo large damping rotational acceleration sensor has simple circuit design, convenient operation and high resolution, and can be widely applied to seismic acceleration measurement of earthquake or structure.  相似文献   

Robust dual‐sensor data sea‐surface ghost attenuation for quality control purposes          下载免费PDF全文

Philippe Caprioli  Ralf Ferber 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(5):954-963

Three‐dimensional receiver ghost attenuation (deghosting) of dual‐sensor towed‐streamer data is straightforward, in principle. In its simplest form, it requires applying a three‐dimensional frequency–wavenumber filter to the vertical component of the particle motion data to correct for the amplitude reduction on the vertical component of non‐normal incidence plane waves before combining with the pressure data. More elaborate techniques use three‐dimensional filters to both components before summation, for example, for ghost wavelet dephasing and mitigation of noise of different strengths on the individual components in optimum deghosting. The problem with all these techniques is, of course, that it is usually impossible to transform the data into the crossline wavenumber domain because of aliasing. Hence, usually, a two‐dimensional version of deghosting is applied to the data in the frequency–inline wavenumber domain. We investigate going down the “dimensionality ladder” one more step to a one‐dimensional weighted summation of the records of the collocated sensors to create an approximate deghosting procedure. We specifically consider amplitude‐balancing weights computed via a standard automatic gain control before summation, reminiscent of a diversity stack of the dual‐sensor recordings. This technique is independent of the actual streamer depth and insensitive to variations in the sea‐surface reflection coefficient. The automatic gain control weights serve two purposes: (i) to approximately correct for the geometric amplitude loss of the Z data and (ii) to mitigate noise strength variations on the two components. Here, Z denotes the vertical component of the velocity of particle motion scaled by the seismic impedance of the near‐sensor water volume. The weights are time‐varying and can also be made frequency‐band dependent, adapting better to frequency variations of the noise. The investigated process is a very robust, almost fully hands‐off, approximate three‐dimensional deghosting step for dual‐sensor data, requiring no spatial filtering and no explicit estimates of noise power. We argue that this technique performs well in terms of ghost attenuation (albeit, not exact ghost removal) and balancing the signal‐to‐noise ratio in the output data. For instances where full three‐dimensional receiver deghosting is the final product, the proposed technique is appropriate for efficient quality control of the data acquired and in aiding the parameterisation of the subsequent deghosting processing.  相似文献   

山地叶面积指数反演理论、方法与研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

江海英  贾坤  赵祥  魏香琴  王冰  姚云军  张晓通  江波 《遥感学报》2020,24(12):1433-1449

叶面积指数LAI（Leaf Area Index）是表征叶片疏密程度和冠层结构特征的重要植被参数，在气候变化、作物生长模型以及碳、水循环研究中发挥着重要作用。遥感是获取区域及全球尺度LAI的一个重要手段，当前LAI产品主要基于遥感数据反演得到，但是多数LAI产品算法并未考虑地形特征的影响，导致山地LAI遥感反演精度不确定性大。提高山地LAI遥感反演精度亟需考虑地形因子对冠层反射率的影响，其中山地冠层反射率模型和遥感数据地形校正是提升山地LAI遥感反演精度的关键。本文围绕山地LAI遥感反演理论与方法，综合分析了国内外山地冠层反射率模型和地形校正模型的研究进展，总结了目前山地LAI遥感反演存在的问题，并讨论了未来研究的发展趋势。  相似文献   

北京地区Landsat 8 OLI高空间分辨率气溶胶光学厚度反演   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

田信鹏  孙林  刘强  李秀红 《遥感学报》2018,22(1):51-63

卫星气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)反演中,传统暗目标方法在反射率较低的水体、浓密植被覆盖区域取得了较好效果,在反射率较高且结构复杂的高反射地表上空目前多采用深蓝算法,但存在空间分辨率较低,对细节分布描述性较差等问题。为解决这一问题,本文首先以5年(2008年—2012年)长时间序列MODIS地表反射率产品为基础,采用最小值合成法建立500 m分辨率逐月地表反射率产品数据集,然后利用地物波谱库中典型地物波谱数据,分析建立MODIS与Landsat 8 OLI传感器蓝光波段反射率转换模型,最后北京地区AERONET地基观测数据确定了气溶胶光学物理参数,并反演获取了北京地区上空500 m分辨率的AOD分布。为验证反演算法的精度,分别将反演结果同AERONET及MODIS/Terra气溶胶产品(MOD04)进行交叉对比,同时利用相关系数R,均方根误差RMSE,平均绝对误差MAE以及MODIS AOD产品预期误差EE共4个指标进行衡量。结果表明:算法反演获取的AOD与AERONET观测值具有较高的一致性,各指标分别为R=0.963,RMSE=0.156,MAE=0.097,EE=85.3%,稍优于MOD04产品(R=0.962,RMSE=0.158,MAE=0.101,EE=75.8%),并且有效的对比点数也高于MOD04。通过与地基观测相比,卫星遥感获取的高分辨率城市地区AOD精度可作为定量评估城市空气质量的有效依据。  相似文献   

四川昭觉县中部乡镇表层土壤硒地球化学特征     

赵辰  孙彬彬  贺灵  吴超  成晓梦  曾道明  刘冬 《岩矿测试》2022,(3):412-426

硒元素是人体必需的微量元素之一,食用富硒农产品是人体获取和补充硒元素的主要途径,调查区域硒地球化学特征是有效地利用富硒土地资源以及开发富硒农副产品的重要依据。本文选择四川省昭觉县域内较为重要的农耕乡镇采集表层土壤样品,采用原子荧光光谱法、X射线荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱/发射光谱法等方法测定1328件土壤、19件玉米及20件土豆中硒等地球化学指标含量,利用相关分析与统计学等方法,结合距离加权反比插值法,探讨研究区硒含量、分布和影响因素等地球化学特征,评价土壤与作物的富硒情况及安全性。结果表明：(1)研究区表层土壤硒含量范围为0.04～1.50mg/kg,平均值为0.33mg/kg,划定富硒土壤面积为7.23km~2,占全区土壤面积的30.31%,玄武岩发育的土壤硒含量最高,平均值为0.4mg/kg,表明区内地质背景与土壤硒含量密切相关,区内富硒土壤主要受含玄武岩夹苦橄岩、凝灰质砂泥岩的峨眉山玄武岩组地层控制;(2)不同的用地类型和土壤类型对硒元素的富集能力不同,人为农业活动导致土壤对硒的吸附能力下降,黄棕壤土层中黏粒或铁氧化物等易与硒结合富集;酸性土壤中硒含量与pH值成反比;土壤...  相似文献   

干湿循环效应下玄武岩纤维加筋黄土三轴剪切力学行为研究     

许健  武智鹏  陈辉 《岩土力学》2022,(1):28-36

通过干湿循环效应下的数字图像三轴剪切试验、CT扫描试验及扫描电镜SEM(scanning electron microscopy)试验,研究了玄武岩纤维加筋黄土干湿循环过程的三轴剪切力学行为及微细观结构演化机制。结果表明:随干湿循环次数增加,纤维含量较高试样的三轴剪切鼓胀破坏形态转变为剪切带破坏;干湿循环早期阶段,剪切破坏形态随纤维含量增加,由剪切带破坏转变为鼓胀破坏。干湿循环作用和纤维含量对应力-应变曲线的类型及特征无明显影响,均表现为应变硬化型。破坏偏应力随干湿循环次数增加而逐渐减小,但衰减速率逐渐减小;破坏偏应力随纤维含量增大先增加而后减小,呈抛物线变化特征,存在一个最佳纤维含量为0.6%。CT数均值ME值呈现与破坏偏应力相似的变化规律。干湿循环作用下筋-土界面产生一定的开裂和松弛现象,弱化了纤维的加筋效应,但与素黄土相比,纤维加筋黄土的微观结构表现出显著的整体稳定性。构建了干湿循环效应下玄武岩纤维加筋黄土的宏细观损伤变量,其表现出一致的变化规律。  相似文献   

垃圾土中排水柱孔扩张问题弹塑性解     

赵云  杨忠方  凌道盛  陈鹏  肖昭然 《岩土力学》2022,43(7):1825-1832

随着城市规模扩大,一些垃圾场地被再次利用进行工程建设。垃圾土具有高压缩性、可降解性,其纤维成分具有一定的加筋作用,这些特性给垃圾场地中静力触探、沉桩、旁压试验等工程的开展带来新的挑战。为此,基于考虑纤维加筋作用的垃圾土本构模型和大变形理论,通过引入中间变量,将孔扩张问题转化为求解一组给定边界条件的常微分方程组,继而给出垃圾土中排水柱孔扩张问题的弹塑性理论解。通过将退化解与既有基于修正剑桥模型的柱孔扩张解答对比验证了结果的可靠性。在此基础上,系统分析了超固结比和纤维含量对柱孔扩张过程中孔周应力分布和应力路径的影响。结果表明：与黏性土相比,垃圾土具有更大的塑性区半径;随着超固结比和纤维含量的增加,孔壁处极限压力和塑性区半径分别呈增加和减小趋势,不同纤维含量的垃圾土经历塑性阶段后,均达到泥状物成分的临界状态线附近。  相似文献   

玄武岩纤维堵漏体系在高海拔非开挖钻进中的应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

周生伟  孙平贺  苏卫锋  周梦迪  夏余宏烨  周明明  左雷彬  王李昌 《探矿工程》2022,49(3):139-145

高海拔地区实施非开挖水平定向钻进时,裂隙发育地层的泥浆漏失不仅会影响泥浆的有效循环,还会形成大量的岩屑床,导致钻具过度磨损、摩阻异常增大、有效孔径减小等问题。针对西藏某地钻遇花岗岩裂隙,采用近景摄影测量技术对其进行量化表征,得到该区裂隙地层的缝宽<4 mm;提出采用玄武岩纤维作为裂隙封堵主剂,并建立随钻玄武岩纤维堵漏配方体系,实验结果表明：采用3、6和9 mm多级组合的玄武岩纤维堵漏效果最好,3 mm纤维复合惰性材料形成骨架结构,6和9 mm纤维可发挥一定强度的“加筋”作用。现场随钻实验结果表明：采用玄武岩纤维堵漏后,泥浆中固相含量下降幅度减少了13.14%,有效保障了长距离裂隙山体的有效、绿色、安全钻进。  相似文献   

含橡胶纤维钙质砂的渗透和固结特性试验研究     

张小燕  张益  张晋勋  魏凯园  王宁 《岩土力学》2022,43(8):2115-2122

珊瑚岛礁常年处于复杂的海洋动力环境中,岛上堤坝围堰、基坑等构筑物的地基渗透变形甚至破坏会导致地基承载力失效的可能性变高。为探究橡胶纤维固化钙质砂的渗透特性和固结特性,采用常水头渗透试验和固结试验研究不同纤维含量下钙质砂的渗透规律和固结变形规律,并设置含纤维玻璃珠对照组。钙质砂具有颗粒形状极不规则、多棱角、内孔隙多等特点,为进一步研究颗粒形状的影响,采用高速动态图像粒度分析仪对钙质砂和玻璃珠的颗粒形状和粒径进行分析。试验结果表明,纤维含量对钙质砂试样渗透特性几乎无影响,但是含纤维玻璃珠试样中,随着纤维含量的增加,渗透系数先增加后减小。由于形状不规则橡胶纤维的加入,一定程度上填补了钙质砂之间的孔隙;钙质砂试样存在 800 kPa 的压力阈值,当压力超过800 kPa后,其压缩模量增幅变缓;不同纤维含量试样的e-lg p曲线可以用Harris模型表示,钙质砂组的材料系数 C= 5,玻璃珠组材料系数C= 3,此外,材料参数a、b与纤维含量有较好的线性关系。提出了合理的预测模型指导地基加固,具有十分重要的理论价值与工程实际意义。  相似文献   

甘肃省纤维用玄武岩应用前景分析          下载免费PDF全文

代文军 《甘肃地质》2022,(3):34-38

甘肃省玄武岩的研究地学界多年来主要以火山岩地质调查为主,重点是对岩石的时空分布、岩石学、岩石地球化学及其成因和形成时代等方面进行的研究,而对玄武岩的开发利用目前仍停留在粗加工和低附加值产品上。根据国内目前对玄武岩纤维的开发应用前景,通过收集、整理与分析省内玄武岩的岩石化学资料,与玄武岩纤维化学成分推荐指标及国内外典型地区制造玄武岩纤维岩石化学成分对比,从理论上认为省内一些地区的玄武岩具有制造玄武岩纤维这种高附加值产品的可能性,并对其应用前景进行了分析。  相似文献